Green Revolution A program of improved irrigation methods and the introduction of high-yield seeds and fertilizers and pesticides to improve agricultural production; the Green Revolution was especially successful in Asia but also was used in Latin America. Sufis Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism. Treaty of Versailles The 1919 peace treaty between Germany and the Allied nations; it blamed the war on Germany and assessed heavy reparations and large territorial losses on the part of Germany. The Yalta Conference also made plans for the establishment of a new international organization. While there has been local maritime trade in the Indian Ocean for an unknown time, in the first millennium B.C.E., Malay sailors … %PDF-1.6 %���� guest workers Workers from North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late twentieth century in search of employment; some guest workers settled in Europe permanently. Geneva Conference A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel. Indian National Congress Political party that became the leader of the Indian Nationalist movement. caliph The chief Muslim political and religious leader.

kowtow A ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court. benefice In medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

Gran Colombia The temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simón Bolívar; ended in 1830.

Hadith A collection of the sayings and deeds of Muhammad. Cossacks Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. animism The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature. manorialism The system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe. A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. appeasement Policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s. proletariat In Marxist theory, the class of workers in an industrial society. Agricultural Revolution The transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000–2000 BCE; also known as the Neolithic Revolution. Suez Canal Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869. quipus A system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records.

mandate A type of colony in which the government is overseen by another nation, as in the Middle Eastern mandates placed under European control after World War I. investiture The authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials. tribute The payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples. endstream endobj startxref If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form. Sunni The branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the Sunnis are the largest branch of Islam. An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. Ten Commandments The moral law of the Hebrews. Chinese records indicate that by the 3rd century B.C.E., “Kunlun” sailors [the Chinese term for Malay … apartheid The South African policy of separation of the races. syncretism A blend of two or more cultures or cultural traditions. brinkmanship The Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power. May Fourth Movement A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence. Alliance for Progress A program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions; part of U.S. President Kennedy’s international program.